The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "store in the refrigerator."

In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher（肉商）, the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的）bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed — natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling…

What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found ,not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house — while outside, nature provides the desired temperatures free of charge.

The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers（汉堡包）, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.

1.The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. “ (Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that______.

A. the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties

B. the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties

C. there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s

D. the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s

Best Answer:C

详解：答案C。所摘引的句中fridgeless Fifties作childhood的定语，说明是在作者自己的童年时代家中没有电冰箱，那个时代是Fifties，即19503。A,B项中的in his fifties意为“在他五十几岁的时候“，与题意明显不符，作者是在谈他的童年时代(注意这里fifties首字母是小写)。D项说五十年代是电冰箱发展的早期阶段，文中并无任何信息支持这一点。

2. Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

A. People would not buy more and than was necessary.

B. Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.

C. Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.

D. People had effective ways to preserve their food.

Best Answer:D

详解：答案D。第三段中列举了天然冷却、干燥、烟熏、抹盐、抹糖、装瓶等食物保鲜技术，足以证明没有电冰箱食物也能保存好，不会浪费。A项错，因为从第二段第三句看，人们没有电冰箱时也买好几天的食品，并把剩余的食品做点心吃，并没有说不敢买超出需要的食品。B项错，因为只是一部分食品每周送两、三次，还有的，如牛奶，就是每天送(参见第二段第二句)。C项也错，因为不是食物本身不容易变坏，而是当时就有保鲜的办法。

3.Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

A. Inventors.

B. Consumers.

C. Manufacturers.

D. Travelling salesmen.

Best Answer:B

详解：答案B。作者在第三段用了little，在第六段又用了insignificant来表达自己的观点—电冰箱对人(即消费者)没什么益处。作者在第四段讲电冰箱就是对促进各种产品的销售有好处，当然A项的“发明家”，C项的“厂家”，D项的“推销员”要获益。

4.Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge's negative effect on the environment?

A. Hum away continuously.

B. Climatically almost unnecessary.

C. Artificially-cooled space.

D. With mild temperatures.

Best Answer:A

详解：答案A。第六段谈到电冰箱对环境的影响时，特别提到运行时的噪音。B项，因为电冰箱在某些地区从气候上看几乎无使用的必要，但这并不是谈电冰箱对环境有何负面影响。C项错，因为“人为冷却的空间”这一短语用于说明电冰箱的功能，没有负面含义。D项错，因为本短语修饰前面的countries,与电冰箱无关。

5.What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?

A. Neutral.

B. Critical.

C. Objective.

D. Compromising.

Best Answer:B

详解：答案B。作者对电冰箱的普及持批判态度。A顶(中立的)和C项(客观的)，不易绝然区分，不妨排除(新闻和评述文体多持中立、客观态度)。D项明显错。